Kodi crusher ndi chiyani?
Tisanapeze mitundu yonse ya ma crushers - tiyenera kudziwa kuti chopondapo ndi chiyani komanso chimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji. Crusher ndi makina omwe amachepetsa miyala ikuluikulu kukhala miyala yaing'ono, miyala, kapena fumbi la miyala. Ophwanya amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mafakitale amigodi ndi zomangamanga, komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphwanya miyala ndi miyala ikuluikulu kukhala tizidutswa tating'ono. Ma Crushers amagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri pantchito monga kuthyola phula pantchito yamsewu kapena kugwetsa. Makina ophwanyira amabwera m'miyeso ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku zophwanya nsagwada zazing'ono zomwe zimadula mofanana ndi galimoto yatsopano kupita ku zophwanyira zazikulu zomwe zimawononga madola mamiliyoni ambiri. Ndi chisankho chonsechi mudzafuna kuwonetsetsa kuti yomwe mwasankhayo ili ndi mphamvu ndi kuthekera kofunikira pa polojekiti yanu. Nthawi zambiri, kukhala ndi chophwanyira chomwe muli nacho kumatha kupulumutsa nthawi yochuluka ndi ntchito chifukwa simudzasowa kuchita zinthu zambiri zophwanya nokha. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwa aliyense amene angafunike kuphwanya zinthu mwachangu komanso moyenera.
Mbiri yachidule ya ma crushers
Chivomerezo choyamba cha United States cha makina ophwanya miyala chinali mu 1830. Ukadaulo wake waukulu unali lingaliro la dontho la nyundo, lomwe limapezeka mu mphero yodziwika bwino ya sitampu, yomwe idzagwirizanitsidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi zaka za golide za migodi. Zaka khumi pambuyo pake, patent ina yaku US idaperekedwa kwa makina ophwanya. Chipangizochi chinali ndi bokosi lamatabwa, ng'oma yamatabwa yozungulira, yomangirirapo nyundo zachitsulo. Ngakhale ma patent onsewa adaperekedwa, palibe mlengi yemwe adagulitsapo zomwe adapanga.
Eli Whitney Blake anapanga, wovomerezeka, ndipo anagulitsa chopondapo choyamba chenichenicho mu 1858, chimadziwika kuti Blake Jaw Crusher. Chophwanyira cha Blake chinali champhamvu kwambiri kotero kuti zitsanzo zamasiku ano zimafananizidwabe ndi mapangidwe ake oyambirira. Izi ndichifukwa choti Blake Jaw Crusher adaphatikizira mfundo yayikulu yamakina - kulumikizana kosinthira - lingaliro lomwe ophunzira amakanika amalidziwa bwino.
Mu 1881, Philetus W. Gates adalandira chiphaso cha US cha chipangizo chake chomwe chili ndi malingaliro oyambira masiku ano ophwanya ma gyratory. Mu 1883 Bambo Blake adatsutsa Bambo Gates kuti aphwanye miyala ya ma kiyubiki 9 mumpikisano kuti awone kuti ndi crusher iti yomwe ingamalize ntchitoyo mwachangu. The Gates crusher adamaliza ntchitoyi mphindi 40 posachedwa!
Magulu a Gates's gyratory crushers adakondedwa ndi makampani amigodi kwazaka pafupifupi makumi awiri mpaka chakumayambiriro kwa zaka zana, cha m'ma 1910, pomwe ophwanya nsagwada a Blake adayambiranso kutchuka. Kufunika kwa zophwanya nsagwada zapakamwa zazikulu kudakula pomwe makampani adayamba kumvetsetsa kuthekera kwawo ngati ophwanya mabwalo amiyala. Kupyolera mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha Thomas A. Edison, makina akuluakulu adapangidwa ndi kuikidwa kuzungulira United States. Zophwanyira nsagwada zazing'ono zidapangidwanso ngati zophwanyira zachiwiri komanso zapamwamba.
Maphunziro a Edison pankhani ya migodi ndi kuphwanya adasiya cholowa chomwe chinasintha mpaka kalekale momwe miyala yayikulu ndi zida zimachepetsedwa.
Kuphwanya ndi njira yochepetsera kapena kuphwanya zinthu zazikuluzikulu kukhala zazing'ono. Pali njira zinayi zofunika kuziphwanya.
Kugundana: Kugundana pompopompo kwa zinthu zazikulu polimbana ndi chinthu choyikidwa pakati. Zinthu zonse ziwiri zimatha kuyenda kapena chimodzi chingakhale chete pomwe china chikulimbana nacho. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya kuchepetsa mphamvu, mphamvu yokoka ndi mphamvu.
Kuthira: Kusisita zinthu pakati pa zinthu ziwiri zolimba. Imeneyi ndi njira yoyenera pochepetsa zinthu zosapsa kwambiri chifukwa zimawononga mphamvu zochepa panthawiyi. Zida zolimba sizingakhale zogwira mtima.
Kumeta ubweya: Kawirikawiri pamodzi ndi njira zina zochepetsera, kumeta kumagwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene zotsatira zowonongeka zimafunidwa. Njira yochepetsera iyi nthawi zambiri imawoneka pakuphwanya koyambirira.
Kuponderezana: Chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha makina ophwanya nsagwada, kuponderezana kumachepetsa zinthu pakati pa malo awiri. Zabwino kwambiri pazinthu zolimba kwambiri, zonyezimira zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi ma crushers. Kuponderezana sikoyenera pa chilichonse chovuta kapena chovuta.
Kusankha njira yoyenera yophwanyira ndikosiyana ndi mtundu wazinthu zomwe mukuphwanya ndi zomwe mukufuna. Kenako, muyenera kusankha mtundu wanji wa chopondapo chomwe chili choyenera ntchitoyo. Kukumbukira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso kuchita bwino nthawi zonse ndikofunikira. Kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wolakwika wa crusher kungayambitse kuchedwa kwamitengo ndikuwononga mphamvu zambiri kuposa momwe zimayembekezeredwa panthawiyi.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma crushers ndi iti?
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma crusher kuyambira ma nsagwada mpaka ma impactor ndi ma cone. Kuphwanya ndi njira yosunthika ndipo mtundu wa crusher womwe mukufuna umadalira 'siteji' yophwanya. Magawo atatu akuluakulu ophwanyidwa ndi oyambira, achiwiri, ndi apamwamba - zonsezi zili ndi phindu lawo lapadera. Kuphwanya koyambirira kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chachikulu monga mphamvu yoyamba kugwetsa miyala ikuluikulu ndi yolimba ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali mu zidutswa zing'onozing'ono asanapite ku siteji yachiwiri. Kuphwanya kwachiwiri kumaphwanya zida mpaka zisanapite kusukulu ya sekondale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwambiri zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Mtundu uliwonse wa crusher pagawo lililonse lophwanyidwa ukufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.
Zida zoyambirira zophwanyira
Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, kuphwanya kwamtunduwu ndikoyamba. Zida za Run of Mine (ROM) zimabweretsedwa mwachindunji kuchokera kumapulojekiti ophulitsa ndikuphwanyidwa chophwanyira choyambira kuzungulira koyamba. Panthawiyi, zinthuzo zimalandira kuchepa kwake koyamba kwa kukula kuchokera ku malo ake osaphika. Kuphwanya koyambirira kumapanga zinthu kuyambira50 "mpaka 20"pafupifupi. Mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma crushers oyambilira ndi:
Zophwanya nsagwada
Zinthu zambiri zimadyedwa munsagwada ya "V" ya chopondapochi ndipo zimachepetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yopondereza. Mbali imodzi ya V imakhalabe yosasunthika pamene mbali ina ya V ikutsutsana nayo. Zinthuzo zimakakamizika kuchoka pakutsegula kwakukulu kwa V mpaka kumalo ochepetsetsa kwambiri a V kumapanga kuyenda kophwanyidwa. Zophwanyira nsagwada ndi makina akuluakulu, olemera kwambiri omwe amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunuka ndi/kapena chitsulo. Nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ngati makina oyambira, ophwanya nsagwada ali ndi malo awo pantchito. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa miyala kukhala miyala yopanda yunifolomu.
Gyratory crushers
Kuthamanga kwa zinthu zanga kumasamutsidwa kukhala chophwanyira chapamwamba cha gyratory. Makoma a gyratory crusher's hopper amakhala ndi zidutswa za "V", chovala ndi concave, ngati chophwanyira nsagwada koma zooneka ngati chulu. Ore amatulutsidwa kudzera mu dzenje laling'ono la pansi la cone. Ngakhale kuti chulucho sichisuntha, kusuntha kwa mkati kumapangidwa ndi shaft yozungulira pa ndodo yowongoka. Kuchita mosalekeza kumapangidwa ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yachangu kuposa chophwanya nsagwada chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Nthawi zambiri ang'onoang'ono komanso okwera mtengo kuposa chophwanyira nsagwada, ma gyratory crusher ndi oyenera kuchulukirachulukira kuzinthu ngati mawonekedwe ofanana ndi chikhumbo.
Sekondale akuphwanya zida
Zida zitapita ngakhale kuzungulira koyamba kophwanyidwa, zimadyetsedwa mu chopondapo chachiwiri kuti chiphwanyidwenso. Avereji ya kukula kwa chopondapo chachiwiri kumachokera13 "mpaka 4"panthawiyi. Kuphwanyidwa kwachiwiri ndikofunikira kwambiri popanga zinthu zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pama projekiti aboma. Mwachitsanzo wosweka zakuthupi kwa msewu m'munsi ndi kudzaza. Mitundu yayikulu yamakina ophwanyira makina achiwiri akukambidwa pansipa.
Ma cone crushers
Ma cone crushers ndi amodzi mwa zosankha zazikulu pakuphwanya kwachiwiri. Cone crusher ndi makina amphamvu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale akuluakulu pophwanya mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu kukhala zazing'ono. Zimagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza pazinthuzo ndikuzifinya pachovala chozungulira kuti chipange kukanikiza ndi mphamvu. Zinthu zophwanyidwa zimathyoledwa pamwamba pa cone pomwe zimagwera m'munsi mwa chulucho chomwe chimakhala chopapatiza kwambiri. Pa nthawiyi chophwanyira cha cone chimaphwanyanso zinthuzo kuti zikhale zocheperapo. Izi zimapitirira mpaka zinthuzo zikhale zazing'ono kuti zigwere pansi pa kutsegula. Zida zochokera ku cone crusher zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pama projekiti ambiri osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza misewu pama projekiti omanga, kuyikanso phula la phula, kapena m'maenje amiyala pomanga misewu. Ma cone crushers ndi oyenera pazida zolimba zapakatikati komanso zolimba - ngati miyala ya virgin from quarries.
Ma roller crushers
Chopondaponda chimachepetsa zinthu pozipanikiza pakati pa masilindala awiri otembenuzika, ofanana wina ndi mzake. Ma cylinders amaikidwa mopingasa ndipo imodzi ikutsamira pa akasupe amphamvu ndipo ina imamangidwa kwamuyaya. Zinthuzo zimadyetsedwa pakati pa ziwirizi. Kusintha mtunda pakati pa odzigudubuza limakupatsani kulamulira ankafuna chuma linanena bungwe kukula. Silinda iliyonse imasinthidwa mosavuta ndikuyikidwa ndi manganese kuti ivale kwa nthawi yayitali. Zopangira ma roller nthawi zambiri zimapereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri ndipo sizoyenera zida zolimba kapena zonyezimira.
Mphero za nyundo ndi zophwanya mphamvu
Chimodzi mwazinthu zosunthika kwambiri zomwe zilipo, mphero za nyundo ndi ma impactors zitha kukhala zoyambira, zachiwiri, komanso zapamwamba. Ophwanya nyundo amagwiritsa ntchito nyundo mosalekeza kuphwanya ndi kuwononga zinthu. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ozungulira mozungulira mubokosi la silinda lotsekeredwa. Nyundozo zimamangiriridwa ku diski ndikugwedezeka ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal motsutsana ndi casing. Zinthu zimadyetsedwa pamwamba ndi kuphwanya mathithi kudzera mu dzenje pansi. Mupeza mphero za nyundo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale monga ulimi, zamankhwala, mphamvu, ndi kupitirira apo. Amapereka zina mwazotulutsa zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zilipo, ndizosavuta kunyamula, ndipo zimatha kunyamula pafupifupi chilichonse.
Ma Impact crushers ali ndi mfundo yofananira yogwirira ntchito, kupatula kuti zigawo zozungulira zimagunda zinthuzo ngati nyundo, m'malo mwake zimaponyera zinthuzo ndi mbale yomwe imaphwanya. Amabweranso m'makonzedwe opingasa kapena osunthika a shaft kutengera zomwe mukufuna.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-02-2024